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Cell Metabolism and Enzymes | Definitions
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Cell Metabolism and Enzymes | Definitions
Active Site
The part of the enzyme that combines with the substrate and catalyses the reaction to produce the product.
Amino Acid
The building blocks of proteins joined together by peptide bonds.
Anabolic Reaction
A reaction that converts simpler molecules to more complex ones and energy is taken in, e.g. photosynthesis.
Bioprocessing
The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product. It is often used to immobilise enzymes within a bioreactor.
Bioreactor
A container or vessel where biological reactions occur using living cells to make specific products.
Catabolic Reaction
A reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms with the release of energy.
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without changing itself.
Denatured Enzyme
An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function.
Enzyme
A biological catalyst that controls the rate of chemical reactions.
Enzyme Specificity
An enzyme only works with one particular substrate as the active site of the enzyme only fits the shape of one particular substrate.
Enzyme/Substrate Complex
This is when an enzyme and its substrate meet and join together at the active site of the enzyme.
Immobilised Enzyme
Enzymes that are attached to each other or to an inert material or trapped inside a gel.
Metabolism
The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place within a cell or an organism.
Optimum Activity
When an enzyme is working at its most efficient or maximum rate.
Optimum pH/Temperature
This is the temperature/pH at which an enzyme can work at its maximum rate.
Product
The substance that the enzyme forms.
Protein
A chain of many amino acids.
Substrate
The substance that an enzyme works on.
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Active Site
The part of the enzyme that combines with the substrate and catalyses the reaction to produce the product.
Amino Acid
The building blocks of proteins joined together by peptide bonds.
Anabolic Reaction
A reaction that converts simpler molecules to more complex ones and energy is taken in, e.g. photosynthesis.
Bioprocessing
The use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product. It is often used to immobilise enzymes within a bioreactor.
Bioreactor
A container or vessel where biological reactions occur using living cells to make specific products.
Catabolic Reaction
A reaction that breaks down complex molecules into simpler forms with the release of energy.
Catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without changing itself.
Denatured Enzyme
An enzyme that has lost its shape and can no longer carry out its function.
Enzyme
A biological catalyst that controls the rate of chemical reactions.
Enzyme Specificity
An enzyme only works with one particular substrate as the active site of the enzyme only fits the shape of one particular substrate.
Enzyme/Substrate Complex
This is when an enzyme and its substrate meet and join together at the active site of the enzyme.
Immobilised Enzyme
Enzymes that are attached to each other or to an inert material or trapped inside a gel.
Metabolism
The sum of all the chemical reactions that take place within a cell or an organism.
Optimum Activity
When an enzyme is working at its most efficient or maximum rate.
Optimum pH/Temperature
This is the temperature/pH at which an enzyme can work at its maximum rate.
Product
The substance that the enzyme forms.
Protein
A chain of many amino acids.
Substrate
The substance that an enzyme works on.