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The Immune System | Definitions
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The Immune System | Definitions
Active Immunity
When our body produces its own antibodies. It is a long-lasting form of immunity as it produces memory T-cells and memory B-cells.
Antibody
A protein produced by plasma B cells in response to an antigen on the surface of a pathogen.
Antigen
A foreign protein on the surface of a pathogen that stimulates the production of antibodies.
Auto Immune Disease
An immune response when the body starts to attack itself by recognising healthy cells as foreign cells and begins to attack it, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis.
General Defence System
It is non-specific and has a similar response to all pathogens attempting to enter the human body.
Immunity
The ability to resist infection.
Induced Immunity
The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies.
Passive Immunity
When our body gets antibodies from another organism. It is a short-lived form of immunity as no memory B-cells or T-cells are produced.
Pathogen
A disease-causing microorganism.
Specific Defence System
It uses an antigen-antibody response against foreign stimuli which kills specific pathogens when they enter the body by producing specific antibodies against them.
Vaccine
A non-harmful or weakened dose of a pathogen that is introduced into an organism to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
Helper T-Cells
Recognises an antigen and activates Killer T-cells to stimulate antibody production.
Killer T-Cells
Recognises, attacks and bursts infected cells. They secrete a protein called perforin which causes the infected cells to burst.
Suppressor T-Cells
Stops the immune response by inhibiting B and T-cell production.
Memory T-Cells
Remembers previous antigens, allowing a quick response when the cells are under attack during a subsequent infection.
B-Lymphocyte
Produced in the bone marrow, they migrate to the lymph nodes to mature. When exposed to an antigen, B-cells replicate and some form memory B-cells which provide a rapid response if a second exposure occurs.
T-Lymphocyte
Produced in the bone marrow, they mature in the thymus and migrate to the lymph nodes. There are four types: Helper, Killer, Suppressor and Memory T-cells.
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Active Immunity
When our body produces its own antibodies. It is a long-lasting form of immunity as it produces memory T-cells and memory B-cells.
Antibody
A protein produced by plasma B cells in response to an antigen on the surface of a pathogen.
Antigen
A foreign protein on the surface of a pathogen that stimulates the production of antibodies.
Auto Immune Disease
An immune response when the body starts to attack itself by recognising healthy cells as foreign cells and begins to attack it, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis.
General Defence System
It is non-specific and has a similar response to all pathogens attempting to enter the human body.
Immunity
The ability to resist infection.
Induced Immunity
The ability to resist disease caused by specific pathogens by the production of antibodies.
Passive Immunity
When our body gets antibodies from another organism. It is a short-lived form of immunity as no memory B-cells or T-cells are produced.
Pathogen
A disease-causing microorganism.
Specific Defence System
It uses an antigen-antibody response against foreign stimuli which kills specific pathogens when they enter the body by producing specific antibodies against them.
Vaccine
A non-harmful or weakened dose of a pathogen that is introduced into an organism to stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies.
Helper T-Cells
Recognises an antigen and activates Killer T-cells to stimulate antibody production.
Killer T-Cells
Recognises, attacks and bursts infected cells. They secrete a protein called perforin which causes the infected cells to burst.
Suppressor T-Cells
Stops the immune response by inhibiting B and T-cell production.
Memory T-Cells
Remembers previous antigens, allowing a quick response when the cells are under attack during a subsequent infection.
B-Lymphocyte
Produced in the bone marrow, they migrate to the lymph nodes to mature. When exposed to an antigen, B-cells replicate and some form memory B-cells which provide a rapid response if a second exposure occurs.
T-Lymphocyte
Produced in the bone marrow, they mature in the thymus and migrate to the lymph nodes. There are four types: Helper, Killer, Suppressor and Memory T-cells.