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Acids, Bases & pH | Definitions
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Acids, Bases & pH | Definitions
Arrhenius Acid
A substance which dissociates in water to produce H⁺ ions.
Arrhenius Base
A substance which dissociates in water to produce OH⁻ ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Acid
A proton donor.
Bronsted-Lowry Base
A proton acceptor.
Amphoteric Substance
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base, e.g. water.
Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
Two substances that differ from each other by a single proton.
Indicator
A substance, which by means of a colour change, indicates the presence of another substance.
Monobasic Acid
A molecule that dissociates in solution to produce one H⁺ ion, e.g. HCl.
Neutralisation
The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.
pH
pH = -log10[H⁺]. pH is a measure of a solution's acidity or alkalinity on a scale from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic).
Solution
A mixture of a solvent (liquid) and solute (soluble solid).
Primary Standard
A substance that is water soluble and available in a stable and pure enough state to be made directly into a standard solution.
Standard Solution
A solution whose concentration is accurately known.
Water of Crystallisation
Water molecules present inside crystals of the salt.
Weak Base (Two Definitions)
A base that only slightly dissociates in water. A base that is not very likely to accept H⁺ ions.
Strong Acid (Two Definitions)
An acid that fully dissociates in water. An acid that is very likely to donate H⁺ ions.
Strong Base (Two Definitions)
A base that fully dissociates in water. A base that is very likely to accept H⁺ ions.
Weak Acid (Two Definitions)
An acid that only slightly dissociates in water. An acid that is not very likely to donate H⁺ ions.
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Arrhenius Acid
A substance which dissociates in water to produce H⁺ ions.
Arrhenius Base
A substance which dissociates in water to produce OH⁻ ions.
Bronsted-Lowry Acid
A proton donor.
Bronsted-Lowry Base
A proton acceptor.
Amphoteric Substance
A substance that can act as both an acid and a base, e.g. water.
Conjugate Acid-Base Pair
Two substances that differ from each other by a single proton.
Indicator
A substance, which by means of a colour change, indicates the presence of another substance.
Monobasic Acid
A molecule that dissociates in solution to produce one H⁺ ion, e.g. HCl.
Neutralisation
The reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water.
pH
pH = -log10[H⁺]. pH is a measure of a solution's acidity or alkalinity on a scale from 0 (very acidic) to 14 (very basic).
Solution
A mixture of a solvent (liquid) and solute (soluble solid).
Primary Standard
A substance that is water soluble and available in a stable and pure enough state to be made directly into a standard solution.
Standard Solution
A solution whose concentration is accurately known.
Water of Crystallisation
Water molecules present inside crystals of the salt.
Weak Base (Two Definitions)
A base that only slightly dissociates in water. A base that is not very likely to accept H⁺ ions.
Strong Acid (Two Definitions)
An acid that fully dissociates in water. An acid that is very likely to donate H⁺ ions.
Strong Base (Two Definitions)
A base that fully dissociates in water. A base that is very likely to accept H⁺ ions.
Weak Acid (Two Definitions)
An acid that only slightly dissociates in water. An acid that is not very likely to donate H⁺ ions.