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Water & Water Analysis | Definitions
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Water & Water Analysis | Definitions
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.)
A measure of the amount of organic pollution in water. It is defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by biochemical action, when a sample of water is kept in the dark at 20⁰C for 5 days.
Eutrophication
The enrichment of natural waters by nutrients (nitrates and phosphates), causing the very rapid growth of algae, which, when they die and decay, become food for bacteria which consume large amounts of oxygen. The water is then depleted of oxygen and aquatic life decays.
Free Chlorine
This refers to both hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite ion. It is commonly added to water systems for disinfection.
Flocculation
The process in which small particles in water are made to coagulate and form a precipitate. It is done by adding a flocculating agent such as aluminum sulphate.
Free Radical
An atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell.
Hard Water
Water which will not readily form lather with soap due to the presence of dissolved calcium or magnesium salts in the water.
Permanent Hardness
The type of hardness which cannot be removed by boiling the water.
Temporary Hardness
The type of hardness which can be removed by boiling the water.
Primary Sewage Treatment
Involves screening and settling of debris. It is a physical process.
Secondary Sewage Treatment
A biological process involving the breakdown of organic matter in sewage by bacteria.
Tertiary Sewage Treatment
A chemical process that involves the removal of phosphates and nitrates from the waste water.
EDTA
A reagent used to test for hardness in water. EDTA stands for Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
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Biochemical Oxygen Demand (B.O.D.)
A measure of the amount of organic pollution in water. It is defined as the amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by biochemical action, when a sample of water is kept in the dark at 20⁰C for 5 days.
Eutrophication
The enrichment of natural waters by nutrients (nitrates and phosphates), causing the very rapid growth of algae, which, when they die and decay, become food for bacteria which consume large amounts of oxygen. The water is then depleted of oxygen and aquatic life decays.
Free Chlorine
This refers to both hypochlorous acid and the hypochlorite ion. It is commonly added to water systems for disinfection.
Flocculation
The process in which small particles in water are made to coagulate and form a precipitate. It is done by adding a flocculating agent such as aluminum sulphate.
Free Radical
An atom or molecule that has a single unpaired electron in an outer shell.
Hard Water
Water which will not readily form lather with soap due to the presence of dissolved calcium or magnesium salts in the water.
Permanent Hardness
The type of hardness which cannot be removed by boiling the water.
Temporary Hardness
The type of hardness which can be removed by boiling the water.
Primary Sewage Treatment
Involves screening and settling of debris. It is a physical process.
Secondary Sewage Treatment
A biological process involving the breakdown of organic matter in sewage by bacteria.
Tertiary Sewage Treatment
A chemical process that involves the removal of phosphates and nitrates from the waste water.
EDTA
A reagent used to test for hardness in water. EDTA stands for Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.